CHAPTER 7 – ANIMALS
Traits of Animals
- ______________________
(cannot make their own food)
- can _____________
about to catch food
- _____________cellular
- have
__________________ and ___________________
2 Groups of Animals
_____________________________ - Have a backbone
_____________________________ - Do not have a backbone
_______________________ - Balanced arrangement of body parts around a
center point or along a center line.
3 Types of Symmetry
- ___________________________
- Has no definite shape (ex: Sponges)
- ___________________________
- Body parts are arranged in a circle around a center point (ex: hydra) – mostly
invertebrates.
- ___________________________
- Body can be divided lengthwise into 2 equal sides, a right side & a left side. (ex:
bee) – all vertebrates & some invertebrates.
How animals are classified
Organisms are classified into 5 Kingdoms:
Animals are further classified into ___________________. There are 9
__________________ of animals:
Invertebrates
- ________________________
- (5,000) Smallest phylum, simplest animals, assymetrical.
- ________________________
- (11,000) Ex: Jellyfish, sea anemone. Radial symmetry.
- ________________________
- Simplest worms, bilateral symmetry. Ex: Tapeworm, planarian.
- ________________________
- Bilateral symmetry. Ex: hookworm
- ________________________
- Most complex worm, bilateral symmetry. Ex: earthworm, leech.
- ________________________
- (80,000) Bilateral, radial symmetry. Ex: Snails, octopus, clams, squid.
- ________________________
- (826,000) Largest phylum. Bilateral symmetry. Ex: insects, lobsters, crayfish, crabs.
- ________________________
- (5,000) Radial symmetry. Ex: starfish, sand dollar.
Vertebrates
- ________________________
- (47,000) Most complex phylum. Have a tough, flexible rod along their back. Ex: humans,
birds, reptiles, fish).
SPONGES
- _________________
animals
- Have no ______________________________
- Live attached to
_____________ in shallow _______________
- Can live in
____________ water
- _______________
carry ____________ throughout sponge’s body
- Body is
___________________________ thick
- Have no
________________ or ________________ cells
- Have no
_________________, _________________ or __________________________
- ___________________,
networks of hard structures & _________________, a mesh of tough protein, make up the
skeleton of the sponge
Feeding Mechanism:
- ______________
& ______________ particles enter through ______________
- ______________
& ______________ are trapped by _____________________________
- ______________
& ____________________ are excreted through an _______________ in the top center of
the sponge’s body
Three types of cells
- Traps
_____________ & moves ______________ throughout sponge by beating its
_________________
- ______________
& ______________ sponge
- Produces
_________________ that make the ________________, aids in ___________________,
_________________________ to other cells
Reproduction
- ______________________
- Hermaphroditic sponges produce both ________________ & _________________ at separate
times. _________________ fertilize the _______________ of another sponge to reproduce a
new sponge.
- ______________________
- Small pieces of a _______________________ may __________________ and form separate,
______________________. They may also form _________________ that develop into a
_______________________.
STINGING-CELLED ANIMALS (Ex: jellyfish,
coral, sea anemone, hydra)
- Animals with
____________________________ and ________________, sock-shaped __________________
- Live in the
_______________ or _______________ water
- Have
__________________ , or armlike parts, that surround the mouth
- __________________
symmetry
- ___________________________
made of ______ cell layers
- ____________________
layer lies between the ___ cell layers
- _______________________
exists inside the body of each animal
- Have a
_____________________________ for ______________________ and __________________________
(2-way gut)
- ___________________
themselves to the bottom of the _______________ or a _____________ with a structure called
a ______________
- Have
_________________ cells & __________________ cells to move __________________
Feeding Mechanism
- ________________
food going by with ____________________
- Tentacles have
thousands of ___________________ with ________________________________
- When an animal
brushes against the ___________________, a ________________________ with _________________
shoots out & _______________ the animal
- ______________________
push captured animal into ________________ for ________________
- ________________
(undigested food) leaves the mouth
Reproduction
- ______________________
- Form ______________ & _______________. _______________ are released into the water
to _____________________________.
- ______________________
- (Hydra) – Form _____________, which break off to become a ____________, separate
_______________
WORMS (Ex: Roundworm,
Flatworm, Segmented Worm)
Three Phyla of worms exist:
- ___________________________
- ___________________________
- ___________________________
FLATWORMS (Simplest worms)
- Most are
____________________ (live in/ on another living thing). ________________ provides
___________ for parasites.
- ____________
bodies, _____ layers of _____________
- Have
________________, __________________ & _______________________, which develop from the
___________________ layer of cells
Ex: Tapeworm
- ____________________,
ribbonlike ____________ divided into ________________
- _____________________
- Live in _________________ of _______________
- Have
__________________ & ___________________ used to hold onto ____________________ of
_________________
- ________________________
from _______________ that has already been _________________
- Form
_____________ in the _________________ of ______________(Life cycle of a pork tapeworm)
– see figure 7-9
Ex: Planarian
- ______________________
(NOT a ____________________)
- ___________ body
with _____ layers of _____________ and _________________
- ___________________
head with _______________________ that have ________________ cells to
_______________________
- Have
______________________________ & _________________________________________ near the
head (These allow planarian to respond to the environment)
- ________________
is near _____________________________, _______________________
- Have an
_______________________ that breaks down _______________. _________________, or undigested
food, leaves the ___________________ through the ___________________.
- Reproduce
___________________ by exchanging ______________ & _______________. Reproduce
____________________- by pinching into _______________________________, forming
_______________________________
ROUNDWORMS – Worms with
______________ bodies & ______________ ends
- Set of
___________________ runs the length of the body
- _______________
about when it _______________
- Has a
_________________ to take in food, and an _________________ to excrete wastes (1-way gut)
- Separate
________________ exist; _______________ smaller than ________________
- Live in
_________________
- _____________________
of cells
- Most are
_____________________
- Many are
____________________
- Most are
_____________________
Ex: Hookworm
- ___________________
of humans
- ______________
body through _______________ of ______________
- Move to
_________________ -> _________________ to intestine & ____________- on host’s
_________________
SEGMENTED WORMS – Bodies are
divided into sections called __________________
- Most
__________________ worm phylum
- __________________
of cells
- May have
__________________________ or can be ___________________
Ex: Leech
- _________________
- attach to ______________ of ______________, suck its _____________
- Live in
_______________ & _________________
Ex: Earthworm
- _________________
has layers of _______________ cells
- Each segment has
_______________ that help the earthworm _______________ by ________________________
- Have a
________________ & an ________________ (1-way gut)
- Most
_________________ have ______________ to remove _________________
- ___________________________
run along body
- _____________________________________
exist
- ______________
run the length of the body & a _______________________ is at the front end
- Have both
________________ and _________________ sex _________________. Earthworms reproduce when 2
worms exchange __________________ & _________________
Feeding Mechanism
- Take in
_______________ through _______________
- Eat
___________________________ in ________________
- _________________
passes through ______________________ -> leaves body through _______________
Earthworms Help the Environment
- _______________
large amounts of ______________ from place to place by passing it through their bodies
- _____________________
& _________________ it, which helps ______________ grow
SOFT-BODIED ANIMALS – Animals with
a ____________________ that is usually protected by a ________________________.
- Body is covered
by a thin, fleshy tissue called a ____________________, which makes the
_____________________. The ________________ is the outermost covering in most soft-bodied
animals
- Have a
___________________________ for movement
- Have a
_______________ with a __________________
- Have a
____________________ structure covered with teeth, called a _________________. The
__________________ is used to scrape _____________ from _________________ such as
_______________ (Snails only)
- Provide
______________ for humans & other animals
- Live on
________________ or in ________________
3 Classes of Soft-Bodied Animals
_______________________________________
- ________________________
lays down _______________ to help it ________________
- SNAILS have a
_______________________
- SLUGS do not have
a _________________
- SNAILS have a
pair of __________________ to sense _______________
_______________________________________
- Have
__________________ that fit together
- Use
___________________________ to _________________ in __________________
- Feeding
Mechanism: ____________ goes in one tube -> ____________ is filtered -> excess
_____________ exits the other tube
_______________________________________
- Some have
______________ inside bodies
- OCTOPUS has
_________________
- ______________________
is divided into arms, or _________________ that surround the head
- Have well
developed ____________ (defense mechanism)
- Rapid
____________________ (escape mechanism)
- Move by
_________________________________________ (escape mechanism)
- May shoot out
dark _____________ to escape predators (escape mechanism)